References

1. Harvey HA, Cream LR. Biology of bone metastases: causes and consequences. Clin Breast Cancer. 2007;7(suppl 1):S7-S13.
   
2. Roodman GD. Mechanisms of bone metastasis. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(16):1655-1664.
   
3. Cicek M, Oursler MJ. Breast cancer bone metastasis and current small therapeutics. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2006;25(4):635-644.
   
4. Lipton A, Cook RJ, Major P, Smith MR, Coleman RE. Zoledronic acid and survival in breast cancer patients with bone metastases and elevated markers of osteoclast activity. Oncologist. 2007;12(9):1035-1043.
   
5. Bentkover JD, Shaka EC, Thomas SK, Sung JC, Allaman PM, McKiernan JM. Diagnosis of bone metastases and utilization of bisphosphonates among advanced prostate cancer patients. Presented at: 2006 Prostate Cancer Symposium of the American Society of Clinical Oncology; February 24-26, 2006; San Francisco, Calif. Abstract 165.
   
6. Petrut B, Trinkaus M, Simmons C, Clemons M. A primer of bone metastases management in breast cancer patients. Curr Oncol. 2008;15(suppl 1):S50-S57.
   
7. Hamaoka T, Madewell JE, Podoloff DA, Hortobagyi GN, Ueno NT. Bone imaging in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(14):2942-2953.
   
8. Berenson JR, Rajdev L, Broder M. Treatment strategies for skeletal complications of cancer." Cancer Biol Ther. 2006;5(9):1074-1077.
   
9. Roelofs AJ, Thompson K, Gordon S, Rogers MJ. Molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates: current status. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(20 Pt 2):6222s-6230s.
   
10. Lipton A. Efficacy and safety of intravenous bisphosphonates in patients with bone metastases caused by metastatic breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2007;7(suppl 1):S14-20.
    
11. Hillner BE, Ingle JN, Chlebowski RT, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2003 update on the role of bisphosphonates and bone health issues in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(21):4042-4057.
    
12. Berenson JR, Rajdev L, Broder M. Managing bone complications of solid tumors. Cancer Biol Ther. 2006;5(9):1086-1089.
    
13. Costa L. Bisphosphonates: reducing the risk of skeletal complications from bone metastasis. Breast. 2007;16(suppl 3):S16-S20.
    
14. Saad F, Lipton A. Clinical benefits and considerations of bisphosphonate treatment in metastatic bone disease. Semin Oncol. 2007;34(6 suppl 4):S17-S23
    
15. NCCN. Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Prostate Cancer. V.I.2008. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/prostate.pdf. Accessed: June 9, 2008.
    
16. Kohno N, Aogi K, Minami H, et al. Zoledronic acid significantly reduces skeletal complications compared with placebo in Japanese women with bone metastases from breast cancer: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(15):3314-3321.
    
17. Clemons M, Dranitsaris G, Cole D, Gainford MC. Too much, too little, too late to start again? Assessing the efficacy of bisphosphonates in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer. Oncologist. 2006;11(3):227-233.
    
18. Verì A, D'Andrea MR, Bonginelli P, Gasparini G. Clinical usefulness of bisphosphonates in oncology: treatment of bone metastases, antitumoral activity and effect on bone resorption markers. Int J Biol Markers. 2007;22(1):24-33.
    
19. Dunstan CR, Felsenberg D, Seibel MJ. Therapy insight: the risks and benefits of bisphosphonates for the treatment of tumor-induced bone disease. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2007;4(1):42-55.
    
20. Zometa [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals; 2008.